religion anthropology quizlet religion anthropology quizlet

Religions/Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet Religions/Anthropology Term 1 / 86 What is the primary ethical duty of Khalsa Sikhs? ", a system of beliefs that act to contain natural selfishness of individuals and to promote social cooperation, making sense of cultural systems by studying meaning, concerned with the relationship between culture and personality and the connection between the society and the individual, refers to things that are not human but have humanlike characteristics and behave in humanlike ways, refers to the idea that people know, or think they know, what is going on in other people's minds, a general term for processes of the human brain that include perception, learning, memory, concept formation, and problem solving, a belief that the nature of the supernatural is unknowable, that it is impossible to prove the nonexistence of the supernatural as it is to prove its existence, the way in which societies perceive and interpret their reality, seen by members of the culture as representing events that have actually taken place, although some embellishment often occurs, stories recounted as having really happened, primarily on the Internet or in tabloids, sacred stories that tell the origin of the world and humankind, the existence and activities of gods and spirits, the creation of order in the universe, and the nature of illness and death, explains a culture's view of the proper organization of human relationships, inborn elements of the unconscious that are manifested in dreams and myths, the catastrophic destruction of the world, stories involving heroes throughout the world, the same basic story line followed by all hero myths: "A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man. Choose from 1,435 different sets of anthropology religion flashcards on Quizlet. Explain. -"Rebounding Violence" -Many societies do not make a distinction between beliefs or practices that are spiritual and other habits that are part of daily life. Answer: Sociology and Anthropology are social science disciplines that focus on studying the behavior of humans within their societies. Can't be killed according to the Ahimsa. List three "cautionary notes" given by Audrey Richards with respect of ethnographic descriptions of rituals. \hspace{10pt}\text{Variable cost of goods sold}&&\underline{\hspace{10pt}5,880,000}\\ Success depends upon: belief in a common mythic world, faith in healer, choice of appropriate transaction symbols, and skill of the healer, Spirit medium, whom Dr. Fritz communicates through; 4th grade education, List three reasons Spiritism took hold and flourished in Brazil, 1. The Catholic church, on the other hand, believes that the prayers and rituals of the priest actually bring about an alteration of the substance of the bread and wine, so that they come to share in the essence of Christs blood and flesh although their outer form remains the same. maybe, maybe not Essential to Indian cultural adaptation. +Studied circumcision rituals of the Merina of Madagascar Reconcile the variable costing income from operations of $1,255,000 with the absorption costing income from operations determined in (a). Linked to capitalism- more ascetic, entrepreneurial and future oriented. Terms in this set (210) anthropology. Religion is not seen as an explanation of the world, but as a means of making symbolic statements about society. A form of social control. Westerners do not usually consider that religion is the basis of morality. & \mathbf{5} & 8 & 7 & 8 5. It often forms a separate sphere of activity Robert Hertz A teacher wants to know if nightmares are more common than dreams. - The great mother's menstrual blood is gold (the sacred life blood of the earth) Monogamy, the union between two individuals, is the most common form of marriage. -> rules and values serve a function of controlling behavior. + worked with Hindu people; analysis of purity rules (The caste system as a symbolic system), Has put forth the most comprehensive model for the psycho-biological effects of placebos. These categories are useful in application to ritual roles and functions as well. Every ritual has a beneficiary, someone or something for which the ritual is undertaken. Used by peasants to pull plows and carts. On occasion or for special reasons, individuals may also add vows to their rituals. $$ If an action is risky, and the outcome uncertain (but important to the group or individual) then there will be greater use of ritual associated with it. -Emphasizes that rites of passage are trasformative (they mark the transition from one life stage to another) --> He presented three stages ", theorized a linear evolution of religion, from animism to polytheism to monotheism, wrote "The Golden Bough" They go through ordeals/ humiliations together, which signify the destruction of the former state. T/F: Ritual may have both positive and negative dimensions. The actual creation can take up to a week. Cultural, especial religious, mixes, emerging from acculturation. inspiration leads to myths that lead to religion, theorized that desires and fantasies lead to religion, theorized that needs lead to a search for meaning that leads to religion, theorized that familiar relations lead to religion (typical of the transitional stage. Any set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural powers. Found in cultures with diverse religious beliefs. 2. The more westernized and liberalized a religion, the more its rituals tend to take on a representational value and function. For example college years. Lower order systems are all about specific material goals, like money making and physical pleasures. Which of the following is not an example of a difference between how indigenous peoples view religion and how Westerners view religion? An example of this is a Christians vow of abstinence during Lent along with the performance of specific daily prayers, or a Hindus vow to fast on Tuesdays and make specific offerings at a Hanuman temple. Following the work of Bruce Lincoln, list three ways in which female rites of passage typically differ from those of males. The dismantling of the mandala and dispersion of the sand reflects the Buddhist view of impermanence. Grimes, R. L. (1982). 2. Address how such orientations are normally determined. T/F: Ritual can be thought of as patterned and formal behavior that communicates some kind of meaning. Example: Caribbean Voodoo, mix of African, Native American, And Roman catholic saints and deities. European intellects, rise of fundamentalism, science. List three characteristics of the Kogi religion, 1. While monogamy traditionally referred to the union of one man and one woman, there are some countries that recognize same-sex unions. Instead, it suggests that a myth's emphasis on setting up and then resolving conflicts reflects the binary structure of the mind and of human thought. Anthropology of Religion Quizzes 1-7 Term 1 / 43 Tylor's definition of religion emphasizes Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 43 a belief in spiritual or "supernatural" beings Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by MegJensen- Terms in this set (43) Tylor's definition of religion emphasizes Use examples. The more common elements and themes are discussed below. Customs developed to fulfill basic human needs (food, sex, shelter, etc.) Puberty rituals are typical of rites of passage and are an important part of many cultures process of adult identity formation. Practice Quiz for Overview of Anthropology No. People are often dressed alike to underplay sexuality. Term. Prior to the puberty ritual, young boys and girls are viewed as children; they generally have few responsibilities or powers and relatively few distinctions. --> Strauss said it didn't have to be a religion, animism is a better term. The exchange of cultural features when cultures come into continuous firsthand contact. It discusses various theoretical and contemporary perspectives on fieldwork and ethnography. It is designed to help you learn the material. Tylor believed that more science=less ____. \hspace{10pt}\text{Fixed manufacturing costs}&\$\hspace{15pt}160,000\\ A kind of religion. In a personal ritual, the beneficiary is generally the person who performs it. Drawing on the work of Arnold van Gennep, Victor Turner developed valuable theories with respect to rites of passage. - Scientific model of the planet as a single 'organic' system, seen as analogous to a human body rather than as a series of atomized, unrelated elements, dim lit room -> soft music ->sit in chair with senior mediums in the room -> bow an close eyes-> mediums reach out but do not touch you, and move their hands over you-> realigns your spiritual balance, Describe Roy Rappaport's concepts of higher and lower order cosmologies. (Ed.). Anthropology Chapter 4: Applying Anthropology, Anthropology Chapter 1: What is anthropology, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. mile Durkheim (b. Dancing, singing or chanting, music, and the various forms of visual art all have religious origins and continue to be integral to most religious traditions. The body is a complex system, and the functions of its various parts can be a source for symbols for other complex processes in society. Anthropology of Religion Inquiring into the relationship between the divine, sacred, and the social order, and attendant beliefs, movements, and institutions are some of the oldest questions in Anthropology and continue to be some of the most relevant to the modern world. 1. - Worked in the Andaman Islands -> they had little contact with the outside world The creation and performance of these are seen as ritual enactments. Seen in states. Can reside in people, animals, plants and objects. He was interested in a hierarchy of values. The three possible portfolio combinations are AB, AC, and BC. As a consequence, the lives of their adherents are much more ritually defined and supported. An example of the latter is a ritual of healing, in which a shaman reenacts a past event when a healing occurred or imitates the behavior of a particular spirit whose function it is to dispel disease or disease-causing agents. Change in social status. Belief in souls or doubles (two entities inhabit the body, day and night-double soul). Arose with state organizations and marked social stratification. holistic perspective. All the answers are correct (as tricksters, totems, were-animals, guardian animals). 2. totemism. Uses nature as a model for society. Which of the following would not be an example of a rite of passage? Mecam Foods, Inc. has 2,568 computer users. A particular type of greeting on meeting someone may be a traditional ritual but is not always required. - the Kogi consider themselves the elder brother who regard the mother earth as sacred -> it is their duty to convince younger brother to stop killing the Earth Exists in all human societies. 5. Separate from larger religion from which they arose because it is "corrupt". -Concepts like "Heaven " "Hell " or even "prayer . A lack of environmental security correlated with control of women. In what century did this expansion of the materials included in studies of mythology occur? 3. Moreover, there is an increasing view that many of the problems in urbanized and westernized society are exacerbated by the lack of ritual tools and supports to address them. List three characteristics of Primal religions, 1. Associated with social division and serves and emotional need. Because of the diverse subject matter it encompasses, anthropology has become, especially since the middle of the 20th century, a collection of . We ask how secular and sacred traditions are alike and different and attend to the distinctive questions which arise from the provocations of a theory of tradition itself. \end{array} - Took three trips-> on her first trip she saw the women as the 'other;' she focused on the male villagers b/c she thought they would have more important input -> She became increasingly aware that the women could be seen in a different light -> By her third visit she understood the women's heavy work load and lack of leisure. Religion was an expression of social cohesion. Schilbrack, K. "Aluna" is a parallel ethereal realm which mirrors the physical world -> exchanges are made in order to maintain fertility and cycles of existence, - concept of "communitas" to describe the unstructured, egalitarian, human relatedness When the performer is a designated officiant, such as a priest or a shaman, then the ritual is a mediated one, undertaken for the benefit of another (usually a lay person). ; 2 What do anthropological archaeologists study? In a mediated ritual, on the other hand, the beneficiary is the individual for whom it is performed, or the inanimate objects for which or with which the ritual is enacted. The following output summarizes the results of an analysis of variance experiment in which the treatments were three different hybrid cars and the variable measured was the miles per gallon (mpg) obtained while driving the same route. Technology should have a lower priority than religious and cultural values. Not all religious rituals are presentational, however. African traditions remain strong, also strong Christian origins Most people who do personal rituals do so as part of a regular adherence to religious beliefs. How do we deal with issuance costs and security mispricing costs in our assessment of a project's value? \text{Sales revenue } & 215,000 & \text{$\quad$other than cash} & 24,000\\ Example: circumcision of teenagers, temporarily separate youth from community, confirmations, baptism, bar/bat mitzvahs, frat hazing. \text{Collection of dividend revenue} & 6,900 & \text{Increase in current liabilities} & 15,000\\ A principle of nonviolence that forbids the killing of animals generally. Prevents the killing of cattle, a valuable resource, even in times of need. A good example of the difference can be seen in the communion bread and wine preparatory rituals in Christian churches. Seen in Aztecs, Mexico, Africa, Asia, Rome, Greece. Movements aimed at altering or revitalizing society. prayers to request the forgiveness of sins. &\begin{array}{rrrrr} -> take a passe everyday three days before treatment Why is the study of religious beliefs challenging for anthropologists quizlet? They are based variously on ideas human social structures, emotions, or cognition. Whatever is done to an object is believed to affect a person who once had contact with it. Advocating strict fidelity to a religion's presumed founding principles. An example that is most defined in Western culture is in Judaism and Christianity, God has given human feelings of anger and jealousy or compassion and forgiveness. Consider the experimental results for the following randomized block design. Non- Western societies are motivated by higher order values in which the environment is sacred. Imitative or sympathetic rituals are rituals in which participants ceremonially remember or symbolically reenact special events in a religious traditions sacred past. 3. These typically include physical cleansing of participants, ritual items, and ritual sites. Anthropologies of 'World' Religions Although most anthropologists feel uneasy with the idea that so-called world religions such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism can be regarded as autonomous systems, there has been a move in recent decades for researchers to identify themselves as ethnographers of a particular religion. The participants display total submission to the group or authority. Myth is defined by anthropologists in ways that distinguish it from both legend and folktale. the study of human biology and evolution. generalized to other religious traditions with a strong scriptural component, mainly Judaism and Islam, a reaction to the increasing separation of religion from other domains of life, refers to the practice of justifying beliefs and actions by reference to the religious text, the idea that important religious texts are relevant to life today, public acts of destruction, committed without a clear military objective that arouse a widespread sense of fear, Anthropology Religion, Magic and Witchcraft, CH5 - The Origins of Shamanism and the Flower, Variablecostofgoodsmanufactured(500,000unitsx$14perunit), Lessendinginventory(80,000unitsx$14perunit), Variablesellingandadministrativeexpenses, Fixedsellingandadministrativeexpenses, Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences and Social Sciences, Karl E. Byleen, Michael R. Ziegler, Michae Ziegler, Raymond A. Barnett, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. In these cultures, shamans are called upon for special and individualized rituals, such as performing exorcisms, curing illnesses, warding off curses, and mediating with the world or spirits and ancestors. +Theory of binary oppositions (biological basis) The key difference between the two social sciences is that sociology concentrates on society while anthropology focuses on culture. The ritual is typically performed to bring healing to the earth. Our faculty seek to understand what faith is and why faith persists, when mysticism emerges in complex societies, and how to understand claims which do not on the surface appear to be religious but are treated as central to religious identity. Sacred emblems symbolizing common identity. Using supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims. Women's initiation rites involve decoration and dress vs. male nudity, - Elaborates on Gennep's ideas on rites of passage Make the calculations necessary to set up the analysis of variance table. All of these might be considered types of religious ritual (saying a formulaic prayer, burning incense at an altar, going on a pilgrimage to a sacred site, exorcising an evil spirit. He contends that the role of placebos in all forms of healing has been greatly underestimated. Create a spreadsheet similar to Tables 8.68.68.6 and 8.78.78.7 to answer the following: In explaining the role of symbols, Roger Schmidt provides the useful bifurcation of representational and presentational. What is its labor rate variance for the period? If a stock investment with insignificant influence costs $10,000 and is sold for$12,000, how should the difference between these two amounts be recorded? They function to transition youth from a state of relative freedom and social powerlessness to one of increased power, as well as increased social and familial responsibility. They are generally referred to in English as priests, and their primary function is to oversee both mediated and public rituals. Seen in hunter gathers and Australian totemites. 2. + Universal structures of human thought and social life Following Durkheim and Weber social anthropologists conceive of religion as culture. Rite of passage is a celebration of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. People come together when they are initiated together. Supernatural. A cargo cult is an indigenist millenarian belief system, in which adherents perform rituals which they believe will cause a more technologically advanced society to deliver goods. Incorporation-reappearance in a new status. Such rituals may be periodic, as those mentioned above, or may be performed for special occasions. Use nails or hair for example to inflict magic on victim-spreads to the body. Cargo cult. Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. As an example, Tibetan Buddhist monks ritually create elaborate mandalas, or sacred designs, using colored sand. \hspace{10pt}\text{Variable cost of goods manufactured (500,000 units x \$14 per unit)}&\$\hspace{5pt}7,000,000\\ According to Durkheim, an emphasis on the supernatural should not be considered a required component of religion. Early 19th century. Additionally, fasting, abstinence, solitude, and other similar practices may be performed. + work focused on connections between religion and social structure (animism). On a very basic level, rituals are an inherent part of living. Cultural Universal. New York: Routledge. Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutions and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures.. How do anthropologists view religion? The founder of the anthropology of religion. 2. the study of humanity. Which of the following is not an example of the "practical" uses to which religion is sometimes put? In the process, not only is the place or thing blessed, but the objects used in the ritual may then be seen as similarly sanctified.