The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Climbers employed in coconut plantations often develop musculoskeletal disorders and risk severe injury or death from falling. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan, R.N. [102], Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained by pressing the grated coconut meat, usually with hot water added which extracts the coconut oil, proteins, and aromatic compounds. Oilseeds, overall. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[155]. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. The Pacific group is the only one to display clear genetic and phenotypic indications that they were domesticated; including dwarf habit, self-pollination, and the round "niu vai" fruit morphology with larger endosperm-to-husk ratios. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. It also plays a central role in the Coconut Religion of Vietnam. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Frison, E.A. in history at New Mexico State University. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. WHY COCONUT IS SO IMPORTANT - Cocoanesia However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Corrections? About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. What is the economic importance of coconut? These two forms are referred to by the Samoan terms niu kafa for the elongated wild coconuts, and niu vai for the rounded domesticated Pacific coconuts. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". Historical Developments in Biological Control Recent Advances. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. Fruit growing, on the other hand, is perennial in nature, allowing the grower to remain engaged in farm operations throughout the year and to make full use of farm resources and assets, such as machinery, land, and water, for production purposes throughout the year. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. Coconut | Description, Uses, & Facts | Britannica Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. Half coconut shells are used in theatre Foley sound effects work, struck together to create the sound effect of a horse's hoofbeats. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. Full article: Overview and Constraints of the Coconut Supply Chain in For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Why Is Coconut Abundant In The Philippines? - Sweetish Hill [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. In the 18th century, Belize exported dried coconuts to Britain to produce food . This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. [120] They can also be determined traditionally by tapping on the coconut fruit. Fruit farming is one of the most important and long-standing traditions in India, having been done before the beginning of time. (1992). Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). [147][148], Coconut vinegar, made from fermented coconut water or sap, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as sukang tuba), as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka, especially Goan cuisine. [45][24][48][49] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. Efficient utilisation of resources: Fruit production allows for more efficient resource utilisation because it is a perennial crop, allowing growers to remain actively involved in farm operations throughout the year and to utilise all available resources and assets such as machinery, labour and land for production purposes throughout the year, as opposed to agronomic crops. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). Coconut Research Center. ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? Malauhog has a "solid" sound when tapped, while Malakanin and Malakatad produce a "hollow" sound. The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. They were commonly carried by Spanish ships as a source of fresh water. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java, Subscribe with your email address to receive pricelist and updates. (2015), however, suggests that their diversity in New Zealand indicate that they evolved endemically, rather than being introduced to the islands by long-distance dispersal. of tender .coconut and is used as refreshing and agreeable drink and as a useful substitute for saline glucose in intravenous infusion. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. Mathur, P.N. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. nana) varieties. Coconut - Wikipedia Self Magazine. Economic Importance of Coconut | PDF - scribd.com How do you choose the best tender coconut. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. Reduces inflammation. Man cannot subsist solely on cereal grains. Though safer and faster than the climbing method, its main disadvantage is that it does not allow workers to examine and clean the crown of coconuts for pests and diseases. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut.
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