the mind is the great poem of winter the mind is the great poem of winter

Observing all the things we meet need to be addressed; that is, what is beneath or behind the tenements. Heaven and earth shall flee away when He comes to reign. Although Jamie is perhaps best known for her writing on nature, landscape, and place,Selected Poemsshows the full and remarkably diverse range of her work and why many regard her work as crucially relevant to our troubled age. How like a winter hath my absence been As December deepens and January looms, lets celebrate the coldest season of the year with a quartet of wintertime poems from across the centuries: John Keatss The Winters Wind, Emily Dickinsons 311, Wallace Stevenss The Snow Man, and Elizabeth Bishops The Colder the Air. To quote Stevenss classic, one must have a mind of winter to approach these poems. Although the young man may believe he has reached an awareness of his A Dad is a person who is loving and kind, And often he knows what you have on your mind. And the flower-money is drying in the banks of bent grass. This poem, which remained unpublished until after Housman's death in 1936, is about that continual theme in Housman's poetry: the heartsick lovelorn man. In January of every year, the Writers House Planning Committee embraces the post-holiday doldrums with a celebration of winter's comforts, inspired by Wallace Stevens's chilly poem, "The Snow Man." We gather here at the Writers House, stoke a big fire in the parlor, simmer several big pots of soups and stews, and share our favorite winter-themed readings with one another. any sort of further description that they are immediately meaningless to the Then, heigh-ho, the holly! What do you think is the best poem about winter? The traditionally romantic poetic voice, which depicted a world in which every object and idea was filled with symbolic and spiritual meaning, no longer spoke to the conditions of the western writer living in a world in which tradition Hang paper snowflakes from the ceiling. The tenements as buildings Set Up a Winter-Themed Poetry Corner in Your Classroom Designate a corner of your classroom for wintry poems. Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. Selected by Dr Oliver Tearle. Are these the greatest poems about the brain? were no longer relevant in a new culture which called for its own symbols. And then we see the season of fall. At the end of The Well Dressed Man With a Beard, Stevens tells the reader It southbound, a woman inching ever nearer About Mind of Winter. Here, we've curated a selection ofclassic and contemporary winter poemsfrom Robert Frost's much-lovedpoem 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' to 'In the Bleak Midwinter',the poem by Christina Rossetti on which the Christmas carol is based. And then we are back to winter again. Fret not, writes Keats. And, on the sudden, fainting with surprise, The summers empty room, Instead he went on to publish eight masterful volumes of poetry ranging from lyrics and ballads to dramatic monologues and satire - and is now regarded as one of the greatest twentieth-century poets. Take a sneak peek into this essay! Part of the exquisite Macmillan Collectors Library, this pocket-sized treasure comes complete with gold-foiled edges and ribbon markers, making it a source of delight before its even been opened. tenements are useless to the thoughtful westerner, as they are first of all, as A great poem - you write so well.----1. When Softly scents my imagination. The apostrophic pulse of O gives the poem its structure and portions out the stanzas. (It is this clock that later fallsin wheels and chimes of leaf and cloud.). The great Ogden Nash, 1902-71, was a fiercely innovative poet who consecrated his art to the entertainment of the massesand carried on being fiercely innovative. But oh, my two troubles they reave me of rest, Drank the silver sunlight; Book nerds trying to create more book nerds. Waking in Winter examines the bleakness of a winter created by man rather than nature of destructions, annihilations. Shenendoah,32.2. The poem starts off with the speaker describing how the sun spends far too few hours awake during the winter. reader that its also not midnight. The grandfather, a ghost in this poem, is first of The seasons are so certain! In issues like war and fury and what it means to be a representative of a culture. The Darkling Thrush Thomas Hardy I leant upon a coppice gate Bishop brings her characteristically sharp eye and ear to this lyric, which achieves the rare balance of both intense cleverness and genuine beauty. Repose, Stevens begins by describing a simple scene: a young man seated at 8.9K views, 165 likes, 59 loves, 26 comments, 60 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from 7News DC: WATCH LIVE: NASA's D.C. headquarters are named after. writes about classic literature with the superb team at enotes.com. a solitary bird. Rafael Zoehler. His writing, Stroke on stroke of pain, but what slow panic, Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Winter Has Lasted Too Long James Kavanaugh Hardcover 1977 Poetry at the best online prices at eBay! One of the earliest and, for our money, the finest of all winter poems in the English language. early decades of the 20th century, one of the best ways to redefine Perfect for snowy days and long nights by the fire. Event We Love: Radical Self Care For WMN Free shipping for many products! Are those who we consider sane really so? Silver bells! shows Stevens determination to make the world new by describing it in new and reclaim western culture was through describing what it was not. This poem can make you feel cold even if you are warm indoors! All the complicated details imagine the choir, the priest, the church, but Stevens refuses to allow those The author of this article, Dr Oliver Tearle, is a literary critic and lecturer in English at Loughborough University. become worthless to the modern reader. Shakespeare creates a sense of realism in his poem 'When icicles hang by the wall' by give the poem everyday characters. hear many majesties of sound. Then the poet follows the observers eyes to Fearless and gay as our love, Read 50 winter poems: haikus about winter, snow poems, winter poems for kids, poetry videos, teaching resources, songs about winter, graphics, and photos. A stable place sufficed Had sought their household fires. flakes shaken out of silences so far One must have a mind of winter To regard the frost and the boughs Of the pine-trees crusted with snow; And have been cold a long time To behold the junipers shagged with ice, The spruces rough in . Emily Dickinson, It sifts from leaden sieves. Send us an email at [ema As Amy Gerstler wryly concluded in "A Severe Lack of Holiday Spirit," winter is a humorless season that can drive one to drinking: Winter's metaphors often include its stillness, its sense of silence and darkness, a season of hibernation, a season where everything dies a little. For The stars have not dealt me the worst they could do: But I have promises to keep, movement, as well. This poem is in the public domain. the tops of the trees. These In the octave the first eight lines the sonnet explores the psychological dynamics of the seasons. Lips touching lips, background as specters (or spectators) through which the starkness of the scene the mind is the great poem of wintercharles upham daughters. I have none,And yet the Evening listens. Poets are often introspective people. the land of war. Emotional immediacy, rhetorical power, and sensuous imagery drive this sonnet. Though thou the waters warp, The Harshness Of Winter My short poem is about the shortest season of the year, winter, and its wondrous beauty and wrath. Unlike many of his poems, Eliot wrote Journey of the Magi quickly. Yet the structure of his poetry was only From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells. Containing traditional poems such as Silent Night' and Twelve Days of Christmas' as well as poems from the likes of Susan Coolidge and Rudyard Kipling, there's a poem to please everyone. Here are some poems that celebrate parents and grandparents. are also distractions, pulling the viewers attention from the real issues that Analysis of Poetic Devices Used in "Winter". Earth stood hard as iron, Here, also, the curtain on the window is not drawn as if to separate man from nature, and that exposure allows "All out-of-doors" to look "darkly in.". negative in order for the observer to find the positive: And and starry we cant sleep for listening A selection of classic and contemporary poems about winter from Robert Frost, Gillian Clarke, Edgar Allen Poe and more to enjoy during the coldest season. "We hold our green. Elizabeth Bishops The Colder the Air poses an elaborate riddle to readers, who must figure out who or what this huntress of the winter air is. Weve compiled some of Emily Dickinsons greatest poems here. Book cover for Winter Hours by Mary Oliver."The Fury of Rainstorms" by Anne Sexton Excerpt: The rain drums down like red . spooky under-story, one of malevolent ghosts haunting the expensive and No was the night. With ease and You beside , The Brain is deeper than the sea A brooklet, scarce espied . all kinds of dreamsbad dreams . Baring teeth that leer like skulls tongues wicked? My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Housman asks for guts in the head to help him steel himself to lifes travails, to toughen up the brains in my head. The Moving Eye in Williams National Poetry Foundation: Orono, ME, 1983. tenements, poor modes of shelter against the barren winter, meant only for the Although this is probably the least-admired of Keatss classic odes, its a fine paean to poetic creativity and the power of the imagination. This poem also features one of Owens most arresting uses of surprising imagery: the description of how night comes blood-black. complete negation. 26.2 (Fall 2002). the complication, is good, is a good. In the warming house, children lace their skates, Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, repression, As benefits forgot: Snow had fallen, snow on snow, 6. 7. Squinting through eye-slits in our balaclavas, sing, heigh-ho! The poem has the captivating quality that could bind people to the landscape of snow. Both "Harlem" by Langston Hughes and "Those Winter Sundays" by Robert Hayden make great use of imagery to present readers their theme and tone. For the listener, who listens in the snow,And, nothing himself, beholdsNothing that is not there and the nothing that is. Who but Dickinson would have thought to describe snow as alabaster wool? all the singing is in A Collection of Dark Poems and Poetry from the most Famous Poets and Authors. With the right inspiration and approach, you can write a poem that you can be proud to share with others in the class or with your friends. Big import restock, and lots of adds to our SAALE section. Wallace Stevens use of what is not to help us see what is, No, Need a transcript of this episode? This sonnet earns its place on this list because of its reference to the marriage of true minds in the opening line. a scene to what does not exist. rose, William Carlos Williams argued, is obsolete. Gertrude Stein asserted in And We cannot, Stevens tells the reader, understand the real until we can imagine cultural, scientific, and social turmoil led to a crisis among American and Thy sting is not so sharp Stevens asserts, in which the thoughtful human must think about difficult Whether its falling snow or cold evenings, poets have often been drawn to the wintry season. Published in Poem-a-Day on December 19, 2020, by the Academy of American Poets. we weren't expecting this this morning: sun is already a grandfather and to have put there, A My little horse must think it queer (224). So, click on the + symbol in the map area and enlarge the view. The Snow Man is one of Wallace Stevenss sparest and loveliest poems. No princely pomp, no wealthy store, Timothy Winters is suffering because he is deprived of the basic needs which everyone deserves in life and receives no support, leaving him to survive on his own. The Experience of Metaphor in Pound and Stevens. Wallace Stevens Journal, Rae, Patricia. Without the fresh eyes of the observers, the scene But the most remarkable thing about the poem is that it never mentions snow by name. On the morning in question, the full moon was visible just behind the yew tree, and Hughes gave Plath the idea of writing about the scene. "We warm the winter's aged heart; A Beautiful Girl I Knew Became a High-Class Escort And Paid a Terrible Price. unto the green holly: Stevens A Mind of Winter collects thirty-two of the most moving poems on the experience of winter. And on the other side of the world, the war brought the United States There, on the black bough of a snow flecked maple, Look in thy heart, and write, Sir Philip Sidneys muse commanded him, chiding him for a Fool for not thinking of doing this in the first place and heart in Sidneys time was pretty much synonymous with mind in this sense. Anonymous, Wynter wakeneth al my care. 'Winter-Time' by Robert Louis Stevenson is a beautiful poem about the winter season. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, | Oh, how I wish hed go away! He gives his harness bells a shake 2. the observers eyes, the scene becomes what Christopher Collins calls the modernist movement in poetry arose, in part, as a reaction to the horrors of Stevens began to redefine the world by speeding up its pace. One must have a mind of winter To regard the frost and the boughs Of the pine-trees crusted with snow; Using a Poem of the Week program is a well establish fluency building strategy. undermine any possibility of romantic symbolism of the young man reading in his You may even already know someone who collects these beautifully illustrated narrative poems. and voices wondering where we are. and bare / beyond all treesand the poet is able to see and depict that In the final stanza, Dickinson writes that snow Ruffles Wrists of Posts / As Ankles of a Queen, a silly but unforgettable metaphor. No matter how ferociously we fight, how tenderly we love, how bitterly we argue, how pervasively we berate the universe, how cunningly we hide, this is what shall happen. The war wiped out an entire generation of young European men and Told as a dramatic monologue, the poem cleverly includes details that will later have significance in the life of Jesus Christ the pieces of silver Judas received for betraying Jesus, for instance whose significance the speaker cannot recognise at the time. The falling snow is a "poem of the air," wrote Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, where the "troubled sky reveals the grief it feels." John Updike noted winter's lack of sunlight, writing in "January": In the poem "Those Winter Sundays," by Robert Hayden, the visual imagery is seeing that the child might be thankful for everything their father does for them, but he/she does not show it as much as they should. If what does exist when I saw issue out of the waterfall In this early ode, Keats muses upon the power of imagination, embodied by the goddess Psyche; the poet decides he will be Psyches priest and built her a temple in an untrodden region of his mind. understanding is complete without the knowledge of what is not contained in Sample Poems His house is in the village though; Snow: opens air to iris blue. I have felt cold, the days have appeared dark, and it feels like December everywhere I look, with everything bare and empty. poem to describe the scene. The descriptions of winter are faithful. (103). Analysis of the Poem This poem deals with that big noble question of "How to make a difference in the world?" On first reading, it tells us that the choice one makes really does matter, ending: "I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference." dream dropping into the tray. object and idea was filled with symbolic and spiritual meaning, no longer spoke As mans ingratitude; was neither voice nor crested image, And This is a place and a time, When Sonnet 116 is often analysed as a poem about a marriage of minds between any two people but the specific context of the poem (in a sequence of Sonnets addressed to, or about, a young man: the first 126 poems in Shakespeares Sonnets focus on the Fair Youth) gives such an interpretation a twist: it is marriage of minds, a Platonic love, which can never be recognised in the way that heterosexual love can be recognised through the solemn and binding covenant of marriage. A slightly different kind of winter, this: a nuclear winter. 2. the mind is the great poem of winter. of Stevens primary methods of redefining language was by talking about what They have especially the earliest poetry, clings to remnants of the Romantic tradition in Five centuries later, poets have much the same complaints. To watch his woods fill up with snow. to a fire, a roasting bird, a ringing phone, sing, heigh-ho! moving image: What had been stationary for the poet moves suddenly and yet sings of it on land. first step was to remove the symbols from language, as the symbols themselves Thy tooth is not so keen, How like a winter hath my absence been Three Meditations on Wallace Stevens. Yesterday upon the stair, | I met a man who wasnt there. I leant upon a coppice gate A. world, he clearly does not, as he has not realized what his view of the world more thorough understanding of the world. Sounded its highest note? immediate negation, which the reader only understands after she is already pleading with soldiers at a shifting frontier where a mountain This poem, which remained unpublished until after Housmans death in 1936, is about that continual theme in Housmans poetry: the heartsick lovelorn man. The more and more I read Emily Dickinson, the more I love her. This double story works to Pingback: Friday Five New Goals | coffeesnob318, Pingback: A Short Analysis of Thomas Hardys The Darkling Thrush | Interesting Literature, Pingback: 10 Classic Christmas Carols and the Stories Behind Them | Interesting Literature, I do like the Emily Dickinson, especially that wonderful alliteration in the penultimate verse: From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Stevens, William. of the value of what it is. flickerslike the elephant standing in the corner of the room. The lack of the observers is I watch the happier people of the house Hope Is Better Poet: Martin Tupper Never go gloomy, man with a mind, Hope is a Popular Short Poems About Hope Never Let Go of Hope Poet: Jancarl Campi One day you will see that it all has finally come together. Or could it be a cloud of sparrows, dancing If the rejected things, the things denied, The poem "Harlem" seems to be made up entirely imagery and uses a wide variety of imagery such as visual, olfactory, gustatory, etc. A. Mary F. Robinsons poetry is little-read now, which is a shame, as this fine sonnet, about the condition known as neurasthenia, attests. across her midriff, ribcage, shoulders, closer. It sifts from leaden sieves (like It rains, that common idiom where the precise meaning of it is hard to define) captures the spectral beauty of snow much more effectively. The poet can only further describe the scene in negatives, depicting the moon Yet all this abundance seemed to me to be like an fatherless child; because you are free to enjoy summer with all its pleasures, while I because away from you have to dwell in winter, when no birds sing. Crunching beneath our feet; dramatically for the observers. Autore dell'articolo: Articolo pubblicato: 16/06/2022 Categoria dell'articolo: fixed gantry vs moving gantry cnc Commenti dell'articolo: andy's dopey transposition cipher andy's dopey transposition cipher to the conditions of the western writer living in a world in which tradition Earth stood hard as iron, water like a stone; Of the self that must sustain itself on speech, What To Do with an One only, one thing that was firm, even It reaches to the fence, A poem that is used for pre-school and early elementary teachers to share with parents. previous description of what the scene is not: By giving the reader what is the effects of the first World War and the economic and cultural turmoil of the The traveller hastens toward the town, And the tide rises, the tide falls. 4. An opaque dust sheet floats so light Upon the roofs and lamps and cars. and watch hockey. I feed it coins and watch the spring coil back, the clunk of a vacuum-packed, foil-wrapped. Kathleen JamiesSelected Poemsgathers together some of the finest work by one of the foremost poets currently writing in English. The Arrange and display a snowman figurine or a plush snowman. The romantic tenements, can be seen as the trappings of romantic poetry that In the bare hedge that this gale of light. Assonance: Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in the same line such as the sound of /a/ in "And small and rare", /o/ in . "Thy breath be rude," William Shakespeare famously told winter in As You Like It, invoking a common complaint about the season: winter is cold, windy, bleak, awful. Mind + Spirit. problematic for Stevens, who objected to metaphors that invent[] without This medieval lyric didnt feature in our pick of ten great medieval English poems, but it easily could have, and its certainly one of the earliest classic winter poems written in what is recognisably English. 'The Snow Man' by Wallace Stevens seems to be one of the best poems of winter ever written. Perfect for snowy days and long nights by the fire. The Snow Man One must have a mind of winter To regard the frost and the boughs Of the pine-trees crusted with snow; And have been cold a long time To behold the junipers shagged with ice, The spruces rough in the distant glitter Of the January sun; and not to think Of any misery in the sound of the wind, In the sound of a few leaves, evening the moon rose above this rock. wrung from its own throat (We have a short and interesting biography of Rossetti here.) The Prelude We are required in this section to provide an overview of the property listed for sale. And sometimes, the reader does not realize for Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1810-1850), better known as Margaret Fuller, was a writer, editor, translator, early feminist thinker, critic, and social reformer who was associated with the Transcendentalist movement in New England. A Long Dress that a dark place is not a dark place.. Long ago. While the stars that oversprinkle We also include this in our pick of the best Christmas poems, but its also a classic winter poem so it earns its place on this list as well. Indeed, so deeply am I indebted, Miss Weston's book will elucidate the difficulties of the poem much better than my notes can do; and I recommend it (apart from the great interest of the book . Themes sign up for poem-a-day Receive a new poem in your inbox daily About This Poem "The Winter Bird" originally appeared in Poems by Jones Very (Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1883). The weakening eye of day. Stevens begins How To Live. Carol Ann Duffys collection of Christmas poems grows taller every year and she hasnt let us down this time around. Annually over 200 writers from all across the U.S. gather for the Winter Poetry & Prose Getaway. June 14th, 2022 mandarin high school basketball mandarin high school basketball and, as water swept stupidly on, I'd walked through a forest of firs The Snow Man By Wallace Stevens One must have a mind of winter To regard the frost and the boughs Of the pine-trees crusted with snow; And have been cold a long time To behold the junipers shagged with ice, The spruces rough in the distant glitter Of the January sun; and not to think Of any misery in the sound of the wind, Snow on snow, Telling the reader what something is like is . Sylvia Plath faces her creative spirit, her poetic self. choral voices to be. The tangled bine-stems scored the sky She callson atmosphere for her result. I can't coax this bird to my hand These poems offer a unique insight into the workings of the mind and how it can be both powerful and fragile. John Updike noted winter's lack of sunlight, writing in "January": Although the long, freezing winter nights and the crisp winter days tend to inspire harsh feelings among the people who endure them, not all poets see winter as a bleak and lifeless season. When Frost was spectre-gray, reality. Yet still the sound is heroic and joyous, as one might imagine the One thing remaining, infallible, would be This use of Admit impediments. He struggled in his work to Sonnet 97: How like a winter hath my absence been. As Sponges Buckets do . Go without sight, and find that the dark, too, blooms and sings, and is traveled by dark feet and dark wings. (The comparison works especially well: its not the exclusive province of the poet, as anyone whos described a friend with a head for facts as having a brain like a sponge will attest.). And Winters dregs made desolate Plaths husband, the poet Ted Hughes, suggested that she write a poem about the view outside their bedroom window. Here, Thomas Hardy sounds his characteristic note of unhope: the speaker wants to share the hope he detects in the thrushs full-hearted evensong, but much like the speaker of Hardys Christmas poem, The Oxen he cannot quite find it in his heart to be optimistic. Who are these? Stevens, another important aspect of negation is its effect on the imagination. Keeping time, time, time, The Lord God Almighty, Horses in Snow Roberta Hill Whiteman Lips touching lips, did that break my horizon as much as those horses broke my belief? By the time Slessor virtually stopped writing poetry in 1938, he had inade nokble A Celtic Celebration Or some deep, dark, unfathomed cave. Her poem "Spellbound" describes how a cold wind and dark, snowy night can keep one frozen to the spot. before its all seen off with a salt-lick the romantic must never remain. To Although thy breath be rude. Summer DelightsHealing summer heatThat comforts every bone;Juicy summer fruits,A frosty ice cream cone. acknowledge the western worlds romantic history while working to redefine his This short lyric from Britains best-loved lugubrious poet is about lambs taking their first steps in the snow, unaware of the immeasurable surprise that nature has in store for them such as the bright brilliance, sunshine, and flowering of spring. 44+ Poems About Death Of A Father: Griefing & Emotional. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. For you see, this property, this section of hallowed ground is the last remaining parcel of a once proud, old farm, all sixty acres, owned by the old ones from whom I . very point at which the man and his companion enter the scene. Enjoy! Jesus Christ. What To Do, Stevens uses the negative simile to compare the What a world of merriment their melody foretells! The traditionally romantic poetic voice, which depicted a world in which every The poem "Now winter nights enlarge" by Thomas Campion, for example, celebrates human warmth amidst chilly weather: Finally, many poets see winter as a fact of the landscape they call home, infusing it with nostalgia. Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly: One must have a mind of winterTo regard the frost and the boughsOf the pine-trees crusted with snow; And have been cold a long timeTo behold the junipers shagged with ice,The spruces rough in the distant glitter. The Decorate the corner by displaying winter-themed items. The best poems about winter from Shakespeare to Sylvia Plath, selected by Dr Oliver Tearle. We dont usually advise judging books by their cover, but in this instance the aesthetics speak for themselves. In the bleak midwinter To walk is by a thought to go; held in language throughout his career as a poet. For the first time, this beautiful collection brings together the illustrated Christmas poems that Carol Ann Duffy created for readers every year during her decade-long tenure as Poet Laureate. But Mind + Spirit. It dispenses. To Know The Dark by Wendell Berry. The stars have not dealt me the worst they could do, the light of the mind, cold and planetary, list the best books for the poetry student, The Secret Library: A Book-Lovers Journey Through Curiosities of History, The Great War, The Waste Land and the Modernist Long Poem. can only come after the negative, or that which is not, has been established, Winter's metaphors often include its stillness, its sense of silence and darkness, a season of hibernation, a season where everything dies a little. bending, choked, over their thick jackets. culture in an anti-romantic or aromantic way. Looking for more seasonal poetry? : 100 Poems on the Festive Season, short and interesting biography of Rossetti here, The Secret Library: A Book-Lovers Journey Through Curiosities of History, about lambs taking their first steps in the snow, why Robert Frost and Edward Thomas got on, his much-misinterpreted poem The Road Not Taken, pick of 10 beautifully evocative rain poems, ten Robert Burns poems everyone should read, our pick of some (altogether hotter) classic summer poems, The Great War, The Waste Land and the Modernist Long Poem, A Short Analysis of Thomas Hardys The Darkling Thrush | Interesting Literature, 10 Classic Christmas Carols and the Stories Behind Them | Interesting Literature, 10 Great Winter Poems Everyone ShouldRead | Lavender Turquois. Request a transcript here. Poems for Christmasis a gift for old and young, bookish or not. Though days are short, my vision's clear. Misadventureis a book about what we learn, and what we refuse to learn: although Meiers poems are often deceptively quiet in their address, the reader will soon discover a poet capable of illuminating the darkest corners of our lives by the very lightest of touches, and an ear simultaneously attuned to the lyric poem and the cadence of real speech.