Waxman HA. Am J Surg. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Occasionally, focal intestinal metaplasia may be present. In contrast to H pylori gastritis, the surface epithelium lacked Ki67 expression and a downward elongation of the proliferative zone was noted. Nausea. Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited. While most types of gastritis occur throughout the entire gastric mucosa, antral gastritis affects only one region of the stomach. none? J Clin Pathol. google_ad_client: "ca-pub-9759235379140764", Autoimmune illnesses occur when the immune system assaults healthy cells in the stomach lining and can result in gastritis. Gastritis that is long-lasting or recurring is known as. It was shown that Iberis amara extract (STW 6) has the potential for scavenging ROS, dependent on the individual test system, and a major activity of IAE proved to represent inhibition of lipid peroxidation processes, shown as delay of the lag phase of the Cu(II)-induced LDL oxidation as well as protection of -linolenic acid fromperoxidation by singlet oxygen. enable_page_level_ads: true MUC5AC was seen in pyloric glands in 81% of cases, and MUC6 was seen in the upper foveolar epithelium in 14% of cases. It is advisable to eat liquid or mushy food such as soups if experiencing acute gastric pain, as it will be easier on your stomach. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Volume 22, Issue 4, November 2005, Pages 273-283. 2003 Jan. 15(1):35-40. An antral ulcer is also known as an antral gastric ulcer. The presence of blood in the stool may also be detected. This can lead to a burning sensation that happens with indigestion to occur in the upper abdomen. Patients with reactive gastropathy secondary to bile reflux typically have an enterogastric anastomosis and most commonly present with continuous burning midepigastric pain that is often exacerbated by food and recumbency. Genta RM. The products released by Bel Marra Health. Considered one of the most common symptoms of antral gastritis, as it affects the process of digestion as well as emptying food into the intestines. Genta RM. Rights Reserved. Reactive gastropathy is characterized, histologically, by 21: If long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) leads to reactive gastropathy, your doctor may recommend that you stop taking NSAIDs, take a lower dose, or take a different medicine for pain. 117(4):421-8. Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. May be seen in the context of a previous resection/surgical reconstruction, e.g. Reactive gastropathy is a condition that develops when substances such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, or bile damage the cells that cover the inside of the stomach. Nausea, bilious vomiting, and other dyspeptic symptoms may also be present19. Chronic alcohol consumption can irritate and damage the stomach lining. The duodenogastric reflux results in disruption of the protective mucus barrier and direct injury to the gastric mucosa, causing backflow of hydrogen ions and epithelial damage12. [28] In fact, some studies have reported improvement of preneoplastic changes after diversion of the enteric reflux. I. Maguilnik W. L. Neumann A Sonnenberg R. M. Genta. foveolar hyperplasia with gland tortuosity and dilation, smooth muscle hyperplasia in the lamina propria, and. The gastric mucosa becomes thinner as the normal cells are destroyed. (Aug 2012). 2005. 1983 Nov 12. Gastritis and gastropathy may be chronic, developing slowly and lasting a long time, or acute, developing suddenly and lasting a short time. Gastritis is usually not serious and can be treated through various treatment options. Fallopian tubes & broad ligament Ovary Placenta Pleura & peritoneum Uterus Vulva, vagina & female urethra Head & neck Ear Eye Larynx, hypopharynx & trachea Mandible & maxilla Nasal cavity & nasopharynx Oral cavity & oropharynx Salivary glands Thyroid & parathyroid Hematopathology Bone marrow neoplastic Bone marrow nonneoplastic gi doctor told me to check up in a year. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2012;36:736743 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12031. He embraces an active lifestyle combining diet, exercise and healthy choices. [4] The secondary (deoxycholic and lithocholic) and deconjugated bile acids are more injurious to the gastric mucosa than the primary (colic and chenodeoxycholic) and conjugated bile acids. [15], The epithelial injury results in excessive exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells, which gives rise to a reactive foveolar hyperplasia. Chemical or reactive gastritis is caused by injury to the gastric mucosa resulting from reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions into the stomach, but it can also be caused by exogenous. 2005 Jun 23. These gastric mucosal protection and ulcer healing effects are associated with antioxidant effects and the augmentation of prostaglandin E2 and suggest that P. cuspidatum might be a promising . 27:1348-54. Regular endoscopic surveillance starting 10 to 15 years after surgery is recommended. In one study the risk of metaplasia > gastric cancer was 1 IN 39 PATIENTS OVER A 20 YEAR PERIOD. Histological features do not define NSAID-induced gastritis. This low-acid fruit can benefit those who suffer from acid reflux by soothing an inflamed esophagus lining and therefore alleviating discomfort. You are being redirected to Other forms are nonerosive. The signs and symptoms of gastritis include: Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating. [2, 3, 4] It has since become apparent, however, that the constellation of histologic features seen in reactive gastropathy is a nonspecific response to chemical injury of the gastric mucosa. Mild reactive gastropathy involving gastric antral mucosa (original magnification 200). The cumulative reflux gastritis score therefore ranged from 0 to 15. The tissue sample is removed in a procedure called a biopsy. what are my odds of getting colon or gastric cancer. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, NSAIDs, being weak organic acids, can freely diffuse into the gastric epithelium. 1999 Oct. 13(10):1273-85. Symptoms. My doc said I dont have gastritis and nothing is wrong. J Clin Pathol. Erosive gastritis is gastric mucosal erosion caused by damage to mucosal defenses. Abstract Objectives: The gastric mucosal change accompanying gastric antral intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the pediatric population and its clinical implications remain unclear. This region is responsible for releasing the contents of the stomach into the small intestine. Reflux gastritis in the intact stomach. Press J to jump to the feed. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. As mentioned, there are numerous causes of antral gastritis, all having specific treatments associated with them. The endoscopic findings of reactive gastropathy are mostly nonspecific. Taha AS, Nakshabendi I, Lee FD, Sturrock RD, Russell RI. While its not a serious condition, it can cause people to feel uncomfortable and bloated, which can negatively impact other aspects of life. Smoking has also been shown to cause reactive gastropathy. - Scant or minimal inflammatory cells (white arrow), i.e. We'll go over some of the most common types of gastropathy, frequent symptoms . The gastric antral mucosa shows expansion of the lamina propria by chronic inflammatory cells, consisting of plasma cells and small lymphocytes, predominantly located toward the luminal aspect of the mucosa, a pattern that is suggestive of H pylori infection. Poor digestion, stretching, and increment of the stomach takes place during Foveolar Hyperplasia. . what's it mean? Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. Mamoun Younes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of PathologyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Benign Diseases Causing Mucosal Ulcerations. Schoenfeld P, Kimmey MB, Scheiman J, Bjorkman D, Laine L. Review article: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated gastrointestinal complicationsguidelines for prevention and treatment. This is called reflux. The predominant mechanism of NSAID-induced gastric injury involves decreased synthesis of mucosal prostaglandins. Tiredness and weakness can result in Foveolar Hyperplasia. Only after we are satisfied with the products. Left alone one would find an eventual gastric ulcer and invasive cancer. * Makes catalase, oxidase & urease * Urease HELPS it survive in stomach by neutralizing stomach acid. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Free Special Report: The Secret Fixes for Your Sleep Problems, Get this report FREE when you opt in for our FREE Health eTalk daily What Is Intermittent Fasting? Semin Diagn Pathol. Yes. What causes antral gastritis and how to treat it? Watt PC, Sloan JM, Spencer A, Kennedy TL. As a result of the neutral pH within the surface epithelial cells, the NSAID compound dissociates into its ionized form, contributing to direct cell injury. Stump carcinoma has been reported in postgastrectomy stomachs. What is gastric antral mucosa with chemical gastropathy and how to cure it? The diagnosis of reactive gastritis is made after a pathologist examines a tissue sample from the inside of the stomach under the microscope. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. The common underlying causes of reactive gastropathy include chronic bile reflux and long-term intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 2. Reactive gastropathy is also characterized by differences in cytoskeletal structure and cell cycle kinetics, as compared with normal gastric mucosa and H pylori gastritis. 1986 May. 1. Moderate reactive gastropathy involving gastric oxyntic mucosa (original magnification 100). It is typically acute, manifesting with bleeding, but may be subacute or chronic with few or no symptoms. Traditional teaching holds that the normal stomach has three types of mucosae. by Jason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC It stores swallowed food. Does anyone know what it means? Reactive increase in gastric mucus secretion is an adaptive defense mechanism against low-dose aspirin-induced gastropathy. When doctors find intestinal metaplasia, it looks like the mucosal lining of your esophagus or stomach has been replaced with intestinal lining. The following are other causes of gastritis pain: The primary mode of symptom formation is the development of inflammation in the antrumthe lower portion of the stomach. All rights reserved. Postoperative reflux gastritis: pathophysiology and long-term outcome after Roux-en-Y diversion. 287(6403):1410-2. The bile reflux may be visible 20. The mucosa of the antrum is comprised of mucus-secreting cells and endocrine cells that produce gastrin, which regulates acid production by the oxyntic mucosa. Persistent epithelial damage may result in the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which stimulates smooth muscle proliferation, followed by fibroblastic proliferation 12. AskApollo online Health Information Library is an initiative by Apollo Hospitals for general people, patients, their families and friends who seek useful health information, tips and advice on disease, procedure and certain medications to help you take care of yourself and your loved ones. Superficial erosions may be observed. Evolving patterns in the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy: data from a prospective Central European multicenter study with proposal of a new histologic scoring system. Wilson P, Jamieson JR, Hinder RA, et al. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM K29.60 became effective on October 1, 2022. Chemical gastritis and Helicobacter pylori related gastritis in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: comparison and correlation with peptic ulceration. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. The best way of preventing progression of your intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia would be to rid the stomach of acid in order to prevent gastritis and thus prevent metaplasia. These alterations in mucin expression were shown in cases of both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated and bile refluxassociated reactive gastropathy (chemical gastropathy). 287(6403):1410-2. Gastric oxyntic and antral mucosa with active chronic h.p associated gastritis. 39(5):524-30. All Of all the antral gastritis symptoms, one of the most common symptoms is indigestion. [4], The most common complaint associated with NSAID-induced reactive gastropathy is mild dyspepsia. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Ritchie WP Jr. Alkaline reflux gastritis. 16(4):325-41. J Clin Pathol. What are reactive changes? [24]. 77(5):305-11. Also known as catarrhal or simple gastritis. Mino-Kenudson M, Tomita S, Lauwers GY. Gastric antral mucosa showing vascularcongestion and increase no of neautrophils and plsma-lymphocyticcell infiltrate vth lympoid aggregates means? Abha Goyal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society of Cytopathology, College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of PathologyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Reactive gastropathy is a non-cancerous change that happens in the stomach. Ann Intern Med. GASTRIC ANTRAL AND OXYNTIC MUCOSA WITH CHRONIC INACTIVE GASTRITIS: . Mine said something similar. Take antacids and other medications to lower stomach acid, Combination of antibiotics and an acid-blocking medication to treat gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, B12 vitamin shots (if gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia), Getting rid of irritants in the diet, such as lactose from dairy or gluten from wheat. Hum Pathol. Two other features, (4) acute and (5) chronic inflammatory cells, were graded separately; scores for each ranged from 0 (severe increase) to 3 (absence of inflammatory cells), for a combined score of 0 to 6. [27]. Gastropathy is a broad term for any kind of stomach disease. Dr. Marchione and the doctors on the Bel Marra Health Editorial Team are compensated by Bel Marra Health for their work in creating content, consulting along with formulating and endorsing products. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is the underlying cause for 4% of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding. Reactive gastropathy is characterized, histologically, by 21: All Rights Reserved. Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. If you are not happy, send back all of your bottles within 30 days, of receiving the product and we will issue you a. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. This form is rarely noticed and only affects the upper layers of the mucous membrane of the stomach. There are two different forms of antral gastritis: Antral superficial gastritis. 2003 Apr. Peel back the label of the Pylo-Plus thus exposing the reactive yellow pad. Although it is known that NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 cause significantly fewer gastrointestinal complications than nonselective COX inhibitors do, it is still unclear whether administration of selective inhibitors results in less severe reactive gastropathy (chemical gastropathy)15. N Engl J Med. A: Sections from the gastric antrum show portions of antral and oxyntic-type gastric mucosa with edema, vascular congestion and patchy chronic inflammation of the lamina propria. Additionally, these changes are dissimilar to those seen in H pylori gastritis, reflecting the mechanistic differences between these gastropathies. Reactive gastropathy has also been referred to as chemical gastropathy, reflux gastritis, and type C gastritis6. Gastritis is a condition that leads to stomach lining inflammation, causing stomach pain, bloating, and nausea. 2013:393015. The mucosa may be normal or may exhibit erythema, congestion, edema, or erosions8. Antral Mucosa with mild reactive changes? It is also known as chemical gastropathy, [1] and incorrectly referred to as chemical gastritis ( see below ). Owen DA. [13], Although it is known that NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 cause significantly fewer GI complications than nonselective COX inhibitors do, it is still unclear whether administration of selective inhibitors results in less severe reactive gastropathy (chemical gastropathy). The mucosa may be normal or may exhibit erythema, congestion, edema, or erosions 8. Genta RM, Sonnenberg A. Characteristics of the gastric mucosa in patients with intestinal metaplasia. Re-seal . Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), also described as watermelon stomach, is characterized by rows or stripes of ectatic mucosal blood vessels that emanate from the pylorus and extend proximally into the antrum (Fig. Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. Classification and grading of gastritis. Squamous cells are flat cells that look similar to fish scales when viewed under the microscope. A number of things, including chronic reflux (regurgitation) of stomach contents up into the esophagus, trauma from taking medicines, and infections can injure the squamous lining of the esophagus. a stomach biopsy. The following are common treatments for managing and treating antral gastritis: Antral gastritis, or gastritis in general, can be prevented by following healthy lifestyle habits and a balanced diet. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. Therefore, this represents active gastritis. Never ignore professional medical advice in seeking treatment because of something you have read on the MyPathologyReport site. Bile reflux usually occurs in patients who have undergone a Billroth II partial gastrectomy; it is also recognized to occur in intact stomachs in individuals with alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, chronic respiratory disease, or duodenal ulcer, and even in healthy subjects. [10]. In situations of upper gastrointestinal (GI) stasis, as is seen after gastric surgery, bacterial overgrowth occurs within the proximal small intestine. N Engl J Med. Despite the occasional development of stump carcinomas in postgastrectomy stomachs, reactive gastropathy is not a major risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma. Vere CC, Cazacu S, Comanescu V, Mogoanta L, Rogoveanu I, Ciurea T. Endoscopical and histological features in bile reflux gastritis. Pathogenesis: Gastric lumen o strongly acidic - pH of close to 1 Contribute to digestion May cause potential damage to gastric mucosa o Protective or defense factors Surface mucus - secreted by foveolar cells - Protect the mucosa - Prevent large food to touch directly the mucosa Bicarbonate secretion - by surface epithelial cells . [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The mucus protects the cells from the strong acids normally found in the stomach. Mine said something similar. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Stomach Disorders Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It occurs when there's an expansion of unwanted foveolar cells inside the stomach tissues or tissue layer. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. (Nov 2005). "Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.". Weir, MR.; Espaillat, R. (Jun 2015). Antral Gastritis: Gastritis refers to inflammation of the inner stomach lining. Discomfort. Antral Ulcer Symptoms Due to the location of an antral ulcer, the symptoms can be more severe and take longer to heal than another form of peptic ulcer known as a duodenal ulcer. If bile reflux is causing reactive gastropathy, doctors may prescribe ursodiol, a medicine that contains bile acids and can help heal the stomach lining, or surgery to stop flow of bile into the stomach. Types, Treatment, and COVID-19, No time to work out? do they get our quality seal of approval. 3. The antrum refers to the lower portion of the stomach. (black arrow), as a tortuosity in the "neck" region of the gastric glands. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ Gastritis pain due to infection can be remedied by antibiotics targeting the specific causative bacteria. BIOPSY: GASTRIC ANTRAL MUCOSA WITH MILD REACTIVE CHANGES; NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI TYPE ORGANISMS. There are no serious issues with the tissue submitted to pathology. Figure 1 shows the changes in percent preoperative weight and food intake up to 24 weeks postoperatively. This can cause gastritis. 1996. Quinn CM, Bjarnason I, Price AB. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Gastritis in patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. Classification and grading of gastritis. Although decreasing in overall incidence with the routine use of histamine-2 (H 2 ) blockers, the overall death rate from peptic ulcer disease has remained stable. Methods: We retrieved all patients younger than 18 years who had upper GI endoscopy with a pathology diagnosis of antral IM between 2009 and 2020. What causes reactive gastropathy? However, in the presence of erosions, superficial neutrophils may be seen. Im 36 years old,had a sessile serrated adenoma without dysplasia and also antral mucosa with reactive foveolar hyperlplasia. The substances that cause reactive gastropathy can come from inside the body or they can be from a source outside of the body. Wolf EM, Plieschnegger W, Schmack B, et al. Copyright 2023 Bel Marra Health. Another name for this condition is chemical gastropathy. Devon is keenly aware of trends and new developments in the area of health and wellness. The oxyntic mucosa of the gastric body and fundus has glands with parietal cells that secrete acid, and chief cells that secrete digestive enzymes. 12(6):592-8. Mod Pathol. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. [11, 12] Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. 2007 Jan. 131(1):86-90. Reactive gastropathy diagnosis is by examination of tissue, e.g. what does it mean? It mixes the food with stomach acids. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01358.x Corpus ID: 25298464; Role of apoptosis and CD95receptor/ligand system in aspirin and Helicobacter pyloriinduced cell death @article{Domhan2004RoleOA, title={Role of apoptosis and CD95receptor/ligand system in aspirin and Helicobacter pyloriinduced cell death}, author={Sophie Domhan and Wolfgang Stremmel and Jochen Rudi}, journal={European . 2008 Oct. 132(10):1586-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [25]. 19-15). In the stomach, it may be called gastric intestinal metaplasia. To estimate the light action spectrum for the in vivo phototherapy of H. pylori in the visible range, we performed a simulation of the light transmitted by a simple optical model of the gastric wall structure. Lauwers GY, Furman J, Michael LE, Balis UJ, Kubilis PS. lack of large numbers of neutrophils and plasma cells. Chronic consumption of these drugs, however, can lead to the development of erosions and ulcers, increasing the risk for complications such as obstruction, perforation, and bleeding 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. These features were originally described in biopsy specimens obtained from patients who had undergone gastric surgery and were felt to be specific for bile reflux3. Excess gas may also build up within the stomach, leading to burping. Erythemayohus mucosa in the gastric fundus. I was diagnosed with functional dyspepsia and told to try brain-gut meds (antidepressants). Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine. }); Aspirin / nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) leads to reactive gastropathy, your doctor may recommend that you stop taking NSAIDs, take a lower dose, or take a different medicine for pain. A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating. J Clin Pathol. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. "Evolving patterns in the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy: data from a prospective Central European multicenter study with proposal of a new histologic scoring system.". Arrow points to smooth muscle fibers in superficial lamina propria (original magnification 200). Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Lanza FL, Royer GL Jr, Nelson RS. J Clin Pathol. "Clinical perspectives on the rationale for potassium supplementation.". [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. Warshaw AL. 2013 Aug. 58(8):2266-74. Common types of gastritis and gastropathy include . [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Sepulveda AR, Patil M. Practical approach to the pathologic diagnosis of gastritis. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The duodenogastric reflux results in disruption of the protective mucus barrier and direct injury to the gastric mucosa, causing backflow of hydrogen ions and epithelial damage. 16(4):325-41. They generate the mucus inside the stomach that's accountable for shielding the tummy from the gastric acids. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. In this study, a score ranging from 0 (normal or absent) to 3 (severe) was assigned to each of the following histologic features: (1) foveolar hyperplasia, (2) edema and smooth muscle fibers in the lamina propria, and (3) vasodilatation and congestion of the lamina propria. Messages 32 Location Green Valley, AZ Best answers 0. [2]. 340(24):1888-99. The term chemical gastropathy was recommended by the Updated Sydney System 7, because it indicates an underlying chemical injury that is not associated with infection 8. It may range from mild to severe, triggering vomiting in some cases. The deficiency of red blood cells within the human body is an indication of Foveolar Hyperplasia. Contents 1 General 1.1 Epidemiology 1.2 Relation to gastritis 2 Gross/endoscopic 3 Microscopic 3.1 Images 4 Sign out Does anyone know what it means? Scant acute & chronic inflammatory cells. Reactive gastropathy diagnosis is by examination of tissue, e.g. Ann Intern Med. Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. Yes. It is called squamous mucosa when the top layer is made up of squamous cells. Sepulveda AR, Patil M. Practical approach to the pathologic diagnosis of gastritis. Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. November 9, 2022. This increase in intraluminal bacteria leads to subsequent generation of relatively increased concentrations of deconjugated and secondary bile acids within the refluxate. Drugs that cause erosions and/or ulcers - adapted from Genta:[1], Not well-developed with minimal inflammation. Johannesson KA, Hammar E, Stael von Holstein C. Mucosal changes in the gastric remnant: long-term effects of bile reflux diversion and Helicobacter pylori infection. (Dec 2014). 1992 Feb. 45(2):135-9. The most common complaint associated with NSAID-induced reactive gastropathy is mild dyspepsia. El-Zimaity HM, Genta RM, Graham DY. Surg Clin North Am. The most common cause of chronic inactive gastritis is an infection of the stomach with a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. 1980 Jul 17. Pathol Res Pract. N Engl J Med. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. No statement herein is to be construed as a diagnosis, treatment, preventative, or cure for any disease, disorder or abnormal physical state.
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